Field of project management and how it relates to the Project Research Paper

Field of undertaking the board and how it identifies with the Project Management Maturity Model - Research Paper Example Ordinarily, as it has consistently been the standard, venture the board works productively when the heading and the extent of the task is very much portrayed and comprehended. Also, the procedure of venture the board works successfully when all the partners arrive at a common agreement on parts of objectivity and desires. Similarly significant in venture the executives is the requirement for an exhaustive comprehension and evaluation of the dangers in question. All these benchmarking highlights in venture the executives become feasible when the likelihood of achievement is thought to be similarly high. Notwithstanding, various organizations no longer adjust themselves towards the above expressed rules during the time spent undertaking the executives. These days, various organizations are attempted various methodologies towards the undertaking the board. Numerous reasons can be credited to the move from customary undertaking the executives draws near. One reason in this change in pers pective is that an ever increasing number of tasks are getting profoundly perplexing and henceforth require specialized capacities so as to make progress. ... The increasing costs, worldwide financial differences and rivalry inside the market players keep on driving numerous organizations to face more challenges. Changes in venture the executives have experienced critical achievements concerning the whole practices as more businesses grasp the workmanship. Notwithstanding, an outstanding perception is that these organizations share comparable achievements with different organizations during the benchmarking exercises. One of intriguing zones with regards to extend the executives is the venture the executives development model, which is an imperative segment in vital arranging (Kerzner 45). Task the board development model contracted as PMMM, can be clarified as the establishment in accomplishing greatness in venture the executives. Undertaking the board development model is a major segment of vital arranging that is critical in accomplishing differentiation in any association. By joining vital arranging in the venture the executives develo pment model, associations are in a situation to abbreviate the time spans of the whole undertaking administration. Key arranging in venture the executives is very divergent from different variations of vital arranging. This is on the grounds that it is a movement that is performed at the center degree of the board rather than the official administration. The official administration just becomes an integral factor in a strong job and furthermore in the arrangement of assets. The official administration guarantees that all the proposals made by center level administration do no bring about pointless changes to the corporate culture (Kerzner 928). Numerous associations are slanted in performing key anticipating new administrations and items by spreading out an all around thought plan before execution. In venture the executives, key

Safety Training Program Development Assignment Case Study

Wellbeing Training Program Development Assignment - Case Study Example Additionally, it spins around execution and cautious preparing to guarantee that objectives of an association are successfully reached. Along these lines each period of the preparation produces results that are valuable in the following stage. Preparing remains as the most ideal route forward for experts given that they regularly commit errors while never acknowledging it. By essentially recognizing them, one can start to improve execution quickly, without issues and without causing misfortunes on any new preparing programs. The students for this situation are the learners wherein case any character who is required to go into a kept space or a grant required restricted space must need to get this sort of preparing before they may pick up induction to the territory. The results of this course incorporate understanding the dangers of kept spaces, learning the obligations and obligations of the limited space passage members accomplish nature with environmental testing gear and passageway hardware and become educated on security principles for preservation of bound space sections The learning requirements that exist in the preparation program incorporate the requirement for gaining a license. For this situation, if laborers are not to enter and work in license spaces, businesses must take compelling activities to evade them from entering these spaces. On the off chance that laborers are relied upon to enter grant spaces, the business must create in print a license space program and make it reachable by representatives or their authoritative body. To make it simpler for the students, the method of conveyance includes bringing the preparation offices near the learners. This makes it workable for students to gain the aptitudes at the entryway step. When the preparation program has recognized assets and achievements, you can structure a timetable. By and large, its an insightful plan to work in reverse, since it ought to be known when the undertaking is expected. Next, modifications are made

Using Research Paper Outline Examples

Using Research Paper Outline ExamplesWhen writing a research paper, you need to know how to use a good research paper outline. An outline is the method used to group your work and it allows the researcher to focus on the important details of his or her paper. Keep reading to get an idea of where the outline comes from and how it can help you when writing your own research paper.Writing a research paper can be very complicated. You need to write it in such a way that it makes sense. Your research paper outline should include sections to help you organize your thoughts. It will help you organize and make sense of the information you have gathered.The structure of a research paper outline can come from a variety of sources. Some come from what you already know about research papers. Other research papers outline examples from professionals who often offer tips for those beginning a research paper.Even though you may already know about these types of research paper outlines, they can sti ll serve as a useful resource for you. By using one, you can begin to understand the purpose of what you have done before writing your paper.Writing a research paper can be a long and difficult process. You can use an outline to make it easier to tackle and to ease the anxiety you may experience. You can then use the outline to make sure that the parts of your paper that are not related to each other are properly coordinated. It will give you a more clear path to follow throughout your paper.Research paper outline examples also serve as great tools for you to follow when it comes to organization. By applying the information you have gathered, you can easily see where the next step is and what you need to do next. This is very helpful for a research paper because you can easily stay on track and work on each part of your paper at its own pace.Another great thing about research paper outline examples is that they come in many different formats. Some examples include spreadsheets, word documents, or even blogs. You can also see the outline from some professors and college professors who are usually quick to share their ideas with others. In this way, you can learn from others who are already doing research work.When you are working on your research paper, you will find that having an outline is a great help. It will help you make sure that you are following a strict structure and that you are working on the important details in your paper. With this information, you can easily work on the details of your paper and be able to make sense of the information you have gathered.

Sample Letter For An Accountant Working At A Large...

Re: no contract Dear Miss Li We refer to the above matter and your meeting with us on September 8, 2016. The purpose of this letter is to address your main concerns, confirm our understanding of the circumstances, state your rights under legislation, and to outline main options available to you. Please be advised that the information we have provided for you will assist you to make informed choices about which option is likely to go furthest toward satisfying your interests. As we understand the facts you are an accountant working at a large consultancy firm. You had interest in becoming a partner in the firm. The managing partner expressed that the firm has decided to make you a partner upon successful completion of the Master of Business Administration degree. Therefore, you enrolled at a university and completed the course over two years, all at your own expense. However, after successfully completing your degree, and continual progress at work, your name was not on the list of new partners when the firm published its decision. Our advice to you is based on this information. If there is any information missing here, or if we haven’t quite captured your perspective, please advise us. It is important that our understanding is correct. Your rights under Legislation: What makes a legal contract? As you mentioned to us, no contract had been written outlining that you will become a partner at the firm when finished with your studies in Master of Business Administration.Show MoreRelatedAuditors Independence12377 Words   |  50 Pages Internship Report On Auditor’s Independence: A Study on ACNABIN, Chartered Accountants Auditor’s Independence A Study on ACNABIN-Chartered Accountants Firm Table of Content CHAPTERS PARTICULARS PAGES Chapter -1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background 1.3 Scope of the Study 1.4 Objectives of the Study 1.5 Methodology of the Study 1.6 Limitation of the Study Chapter-2 Literature Review 2.1 DEFINITION OF AUDIT 2.2 UnderstandingRead MoreComprehensive Review in Accounting19880 Words   |  80 Pagesevents. c. Auditing evaluates assertions regarding evidence. d. Auditing subjectively obtains and evaluates evidence. 3. Which of the following is not an output of an independent audit engagement? a. Management letter. b. Audit report. c. Engagement letter. d. Audited financial statements. 4. The best description of the auditor’s responsibility with respect to audited financial statement is: a. The auditor s responsibility on fair presentation of financial statementsRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 PagesAbimaje Akpa, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. B. C. Osisioma, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. Edet B. Akpakpan, Ph.D, FCNA, Prof. A. C. Ezejulue, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. A. S. Mikailu, Ph.D, FNIA Chairman, Education, Training, Research and Technical Committee, ANAN Chief V. C. Azie Accountant-General of the Federation Auditor-General of the Federation Registrar, ANAN Chairman, Fed. Inland Revenue Service Director of Research, National Universities Commission Treasurer, ANAN - Business Manager Prof. M. A. Mainoma, Ph.D, FCNA Mr. C. BRead MoreProfessional Misconduct58343 Words   |  234 Pageshimself in practice of accountancy, or (ii) Offers to perform audit related services or holds himself out to the public as an accountant, or (iii) Renders professional service or assistance in Matters of accountant interest etc., or, (iv) Renders such other services which as per opinion of the council, to be rendered by C.A. in practice. (Mgt. consultancy service) Explanation : (1) C.A. who is salaried employer of C.A. in practice shall be deemed to be in practice for limitedRead MoreSucess Factors in Merger and Acquisition38351 Words   |  154 PagesMaster thesis Autumn semester 2007 Supervisor: Professor Tomas Blomquist Authors: Hoang, Thuy Vu Nga Lapumnuaypon, Kamolrat Critical Success Factors in Merger Acquisition Projects A study from the perspectives of advisory firms ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, we are grateful to our supervisor, Professor Tomas Blomquist, for his guidance and recommendations throughout the process of writing our thesis. His support is of vital importance to the successful completion of this thesis. We alsoRead MoreFeasibility Study on Setting Up an Environmental Laboratory9679 Words   |  39 PagesEnvironmental Services Company (SESC) to meet-up with the need for a clean and safe environment towards a sustainable development and profit maximization which is basically the idea behind the project. The Company The name STOOK was coined from the first letter of each of the Managing Director’s full-name (Stephen Temitope Oriyomi Oluwatobi Kayode). STOOK Environmental Services Company proposed location is at 4, Fatai Oko-Oloyun Avenue, Hotel Bus Stop, along LASU road, Igando, Lagos, Nigeria. Our aim isRead MoreFeasibility Study on Setting Up an Environmental Laboratory9668 Words   |  39 PagesEnvironmental Services Company (SESC) to meet-up with the need for a clean and safe environment towards a sustainable development and profit maximization which is basically the idea behind the project. The Company The name STOOK was coined from the first letter of each of the Managing Director’s full-name (Stephen Temitope Oriyomi Oluwatobi Kayode). STOOK Environmental Services Company proposed location is at 4, Fatai Oko-Oloyun Avenue, Hotel Bus Stop, along LASU road, Igando, Lagos, Nigeria. Our aim isRead MoreIpms Project Management21640 Words   |  87 PagesDeployment of Project Management Application and Management Information System For Public Works Department Uttarakhand AT MBA-IB (2006-2008) Roll No. : A1802006276 (E25) SUBMITTED BY: SACHIN GUPTA Mr. Satish K. Tiwari Project Leader, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Lucknow. INDUSTRY GUIDE: FACULTY GUIDE: Prof. Ravi Prakash Assistant Professor, AIBS, Amity University, NOIDA. AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Read MoreAnalysis of Recruitment Selection Strategies of Icici Prudential Life Insurance Ltd.10344 Words   |  42 Pagesproduce maximum with less recruitment. An employee, on whom an organization’s profitability depends, comprises the largest fixed cost that an organization incurs. In the past, individual used to work with one or two organization during their entire working life (average between 20-30 years). Organization too used to believe in lifetime employment concept. However, such concepts are being eroded as a result of the unpredictable business environment. Hence, organizations have to evolve methods not onlyRead MoreACCA Paper F8 Slides7431 Words   |  30 Pagesfully benefit from these notes please watch the free ACCA Lectures on the OpenTuition website Free ACCA resources by Paper (free course notes / lectures / revision lectures / tests / flashcards and more - on line on http://opentuition.com/acca/) F1 Accountant in Business / FAB Foundations in Accountancy F2 Management Accounting / FMA Foundations in Accountancy F3 Financial Accounting / FFA Foundations in Accountancy F4 Corporate Business Law (English Global) F5 Performance Management F6 Taxation

Global Impact Of Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1354 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Civil War is one of the most important events in the history of the United States of America. It had many important repercussions which went on to have a deep and long lasting impact on the nation. After four years of a cruel battle, from 1861-1865, between a divided nation of the North and South, more than 600,000 people were killed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Impact Of Civil War" essay for you Create order These lives, however, were not given in vain. Had it not been for the American Civil War where many men and women sacrificed their lives for their country, the abolition of slavery may not have been carried out, the nation might have remained divided, and women might have remained confined to their roles as the homemakers. People had to decide if they held their loyalty to the country as a whole, their state, their families, or even to humanity as a whole. The biggest effect of the Civil War was the abolition of slavery in the South. Slavery is one of the most inhumane acts ever done in the history of the US. People from Africa were forced and sometimes kidnapped to be enslaved, which immediately meant that they had to be separated from their family and lose every human right. They were placed in unbearable conditions to work on plantations and were very mistreated. The first African slaves were brought to America in early colonial America times when people needed cheap labor to care for cash crops. Slaves were brought to America from Africa on disease-infested ships and became the driving force for prosperity in America through what became known as the slave trade. Slavery played a dominating and critical role mostly in the Southern part of United States. In purpose to control America, the biggest strength of South was slavery which was also the hidden motive behind many political actions and economic statistics. From 1840s to 1860s, slavery dominated the economic and political aspects of life in the South and by the 1840s and 1850s the Southern economy had almost completely become slave and cash crop agriculture based. If the family did not have any slaves in their possession, they would be left landless and penniless or struggling to survive by owning a small farm. Furthermore, Southerners needed more slaves in order to produce more cash crops which would maintain their successful economic situation. Tobacco, cotton, and sugar plantations were the most popular plantations that the slaves had to work on, and without them, the South would go fully bankrupt. Northern states did not support the idea of slavery, which was one the biggest cause of the Civil War and they wanted more free states to increase their hold in politics. Industry was very successful in the North and their main goal was to intermit slavery in the South which would accomplish their goal to subjugate South. Even though the South was at an economical advantage for the most part of Civil War due to slaves fueling their economy, the North won at the end. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody Civil War. The proclamation stated that all enslaved people must be freed and regain human rights. The war effectively ended slavery ever since then more constitutional amendments were declared that benefited American citizens. The Reconstruction of America began in 1865 when America had just finished fighting the Civil War. That time period was very challenging for political leaders where their task was to organize and reunite the country. It was the point where America attempted to become a full running country once more. The memory of massive death was still in the front of everyones mind, hardening into resentment and sometimes even hatred. Northern countries were very stable economically while Southern countries were non-existent politically or economically. The 13th amendment freed slaves who were trying to start their lives again from the bottom and had no idea how to survive on their own. Only five years after the Civil War the United States Constitution adopted 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. Purpose of these amendments is to give rights to people of color, African Americans, women and slavery. These rules are also called Reconstruction Amendments because they were significant in changing the lives of the Southern part of America. The Thirteenth Amendment was first introduced out of the three Reconstruction Amendments and it abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in entire country. The fourteenth Amendment stated that every person born or naturalized in the US is considered as its citizen including African Americans. Southerners did not support any of these amendments but had to accept them and reestablish the states in order to recover the economy and life of its citizens in general. The Fifteenth Amendment allowed citizens the right to vote based on their color, gender, race, and previously enslaved family members. When these amendments got adopted into the constitution of the country many peoples lives were changed from the roots and they were given the chance to establish their family, be free and live happy life. After the Civil War people realized that the system of the South was not moral thing to do and by endorsing the three new amendments both, South and North, had to put their powers together t o unite the country and rise the economy to where it is today. Can you help me conclude this paragraph better? Although the Civil War was fought in hopes of preserving the nation, ridding it of slavery by changing and adopting few constitutional amendments, it also helped women gaining higher status in the American society. The Civil War was the largest conflagration in our history. North and South, women had lost their providers to death or disability. Southern women were particularly affected, and marriage patterns were shaped by the loss of so many young men. Although traditional patterns may have changed, marriages still occurred. What did change was the nature of some of these relationships, with the importance of class and patriarchal roles shifting as women married older men and men who may have been damaged, physically and emotionally, by the war. And some women found that outlets other than marriage and motherhood were acceptable alternatives. Single women in both regions became teachers, and by the end of the 19th century women occupied one third of all federal government jobs. When women were found to be more polite on that new-fangled invention, the telephone, than men, they were hired as telephone switchboard operators. Library work became a respectable position for an educated young single woman. In the big cities, the advent of department stores brought a need for female sales clerks, as businessmen realized the buying power of women. Also, for a small proportion of women, education at college and university levels became a reality. Schools like Vassar, Brenau and Bryn Mawr provided higher education and access to public life for a new generation of women who had grown up during the War. By contributing in the public sphere through work and service only led to more rights and freedom. Reconstruction Amendments played a big role in womens lives and helped them succeed in their goals to be as appreciated as men. After the Civil War women proved that they are as capable as men and should gain independence and control upon their own lives. In 1896, they were rewarded by getting rights to vote. Post Civil War allowed both single and married women to use their intelligence, talents and skills to contribute to the world more than they have ever been allowed in the past and also set high standards that are very difficult to achieve even today. The four years of fighting amongst the people from the same country but different regions of it caused many destructions and deaths but also led to prosperity of America. The abolition of slavery might have never been carried out, South and North might have remain divided today, and women would still be mistreated. Reconstruction era might be remembered as challenging and very demanding period but by overcoming it, America is today the most powerful and unite country in the world.

Speech on Smoking Essay - 665 Words

Speech on Smoking Good afternoon ladies and Gentlemen I am here today to illustrate the points against banning smoking in public places. I will be addressing the following issues 1. Whether passive smoking has a significant impact on our health 2. The Economic factor 3. The unenforceability of the act 4. How this proposition will affect society Turning to the first issue: its impact on our health. The strongest argument in favour of banning smoking in public places is that it is harmful to people who work in that environment and those who dont smoke however the reality is that we still have no conclusive evidence to suggest that passive smoking is as harmful as to health†¦show more content†¦Those good doers who are concerned about the impact of environmental smoke on workers health need no reminding that no one has forced these people to work in smoke filled pubs and clubs; we are in the situation of near full employment in this country meaning these people have a choice of what career they wish to peruse. Addressing the second issue: the economic factor: If we ban smoking in public places eventually smoking would be reduce in general. Smokers through taxes contribute a staggering 12 billion to the NHS, and take back only 4 billion in health treatment giving the government 8 billion to spend on our welfare system, NHS, and education. I propose to you without this 8 billion what situation would our already resource starved education system be in?! Ireland has banned smoking in public places just two days ago, and the hospitality industry is already reporting a 20% downturn in profits, I suggest to you that if this ban is implemented in England will result in closure of bars and restaurants, causing massive job loses. In this already economically turbulent era do we really want to peruse such measures? Turning to the third issue: The enforceability of the act One has to take into consideration the effects of introducing such a policy, will all 12 million smokers happily comply with schemes that take awayShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Smoking1591 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Smoking is the most preventable leading cause of death in the United States and causes many health risk such as lung cancer, and heart and blood vessel complication. My main purpose of this persuasive speech is to convince people that smoking is harmful for themselves, the people around them and their wallets. In 2015 and estimated of 36.5 million people were current smoker (Jamal, A., King, B. A., Neff, L. J., Whitmill, J., Babb, S. D., Graffunder, C. M., 2016). In addition smoking doesn’tRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Speech780 Words   |  4 Pageshealth wasn’t getting better. e. Thesis: Through my speech, I want to persuade you to not smoke. It is important as it could harm our body and our world f. Preview of Main Points: First I will talk about what the problem with smoking, next, the causes of smoking and lastly the solution and what we can do. Transition to 1st Main Point: Now, I will be talking the problem with smoking II. Main Point 1: The problem with smoking is that it harms people’s health a. Sub-point A: CDCRead MoreInformative Speech on Smoking1846 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to stop anybody they know from smoking to prevent damage to their health. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence. I. Attention step: You may wonder what our future generation may look like because of the effects of smoking. According to a study of teen smokers, young men who smoke may be both compromising their fertility and increasing their risk of fathering a child with genetic abnormalitiesRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Speech811 Words   |  4 Pagessmoke? Well I have. In the world there are fifteen billion cigarettes sold a day. That is ten million sold every minute! In this, I will be telling you about how smoking is bad for you, bad for the environment, and ways smoking in public can be stopped. Smoking should be banned! First of all, as almost everyone knows, smoking is bad for people. When people smoke their chances of having a heart attack go up immediately. Also the chances of getting cancer go up as well. This is because theRead MorePersuasive Speech Smoking859 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Kills General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to write their senator and urge him/her to increase anti-smoking campaign funds. Central Idea: Smoking is injurious to human health, hence, stricter/inclusive clean indoor air policy should be adequately enforced. Introduction: How many of you have seen your parent’s or grandparent’s lifespan getting cut short because of bad choices as a result of addiction to smoking? You are not alone.I hadRead MoreSpeech: Quit Smoking Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech: Quit Smoking I. Introduction a. Whoa 1,000 dollars! Yes, ladies and gentleman, my first slide of my power point presentation does say, Whoa#8230;1,000 dollars! b. From my Health Psychology Book by Linda Brannon and Jess Feist, it stated that Currently, about 25% of the adults in the United States are classified as smokers, in 1998 when the book was published. c. Now, considering all of us are 18 or older in the room, one out of every four ofRead MoreInformative Speech : Effects Of Smoking816 Words   |  4 Pages Informative Speech Title: Effects of Smoking Speaker: Kevon Jones, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University student Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to avoid smoking Thesis Statement: Smoking has many dangerous effects on a smoker s health and the health of those around them; it harms every organ in the body and leads to premature death. Introduction I. Attention getter: According to Tobacco-Free Kids, â€Å"about 400,000 people die from their own smoking each year, and aboutRead MorePersuasive Speech: Dangers of Smoking Essay629 Words   |  3 Pages      Persuasive Speech Dangers of Smoking Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the dangers of smoking and persuade them not to.   Ã‚   Introduction: 1. Did you know that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the United States? 2. According to cancer.org there is 440,000 deaths a year caused by tobacco. 3. On average every smoker costs their employer almost 2,000 dollars a year in lost labor.    By the end of the speech, the audience will be informedRead MorePersuasive Speech to Stop Smoking734 Words   |  3 PagesHello my name is ---------and here to persuade you to stop smoking. Smoking is not only bad for health it is also as bad for the people around you. Breathing other peoples smoke is called passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking. The non-smoker breathes side stream smoke from the burning tip of the cigarette and mainstream smoke that has been inhaled and then exhaled by the smoker. Secondhand smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution. How does this affect the passiveRead MorePersuasive Speech About Smoking1065 Words   |  5 PagesYou’ve probably heard that the American Heart Association has declared sitting as the new smoking. Chances are, your first thought when you heard this was something like â€Å"whatever†¦just one more thing that’s bad for me†. But, If sitting is the new smoking, then I could be in trouble and I bet most of you could be too. Many of us have jobs where we sit all day. The only moving around we do is to walk to the bathroom, walk to our car, or walk to someone’s office. And when we get to those destinations

Strategic Marketing Management Of Mac Cosmetics †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing Management Of Mac Cosmetics. Answer: Introduction MAC cosmetics is one of the well renowned cosmetics brands in the world known for its quality and exclusive products. It is headquartered in New York and is presently trading with 75 countries in the world. The company is continuously involved in innovation and new product development with its large number of makeup and experts working under them. These artists play a great role in developing new cosmetics and products day by day and help the brand is building strong image in front of their customers (MAC Cosmetics 2017). The paper discusses the present company scenario in regards to its growth and brand value building. It further illustrates the strategic management of the company that leads to its success such as their products, selling points, innovations and competitive advantage over other cosmetic brands. Present state of the company The most famous photographer and beautician Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo saw the introduction of the most renowned cosmetic brand MAC in Toronto. The products were first developed in the kitchen and were directly sold by tem in their salon. Soon the cosmetics gained recognition by the word from mouth strategy and the products was introduced with a brand name called MAC cosmetics in 1984. Until then the brand grew its presence like a wind by offering all kinds of professional makeup ranging from bold look to glamorous style makeup (MAC Cosmetics 2017). Since then the company has been growing into a unique brand working with top makeup artists of the world and well-known celebrities. Today the brand is operating in 1000 outlets globally. The brand has also set a unique image by offering bridal makeup sessions and service to the brides and free in-store demo service. Brand value is one of the most important factor to be noticed in order to see the strength and demand for the brand (Sinclair, and Keller 2017). The third party pays the money to the brand for licensing the sale of their products. MAC Cosmetics has witnessed a brand value of $1.80 billion in the year 2016 (Kim and Kim 2017). This shows that the company has also received a growth in its brand value from $1.3 billion in 2013.The brand is also ranked under the top twenty cosmetics brand of the world in 2016. These factors make it evident that the brand is increasing and developing continuously to make their presence in the cosmetics market. A MAC cosmetic is one of the most important divisions of Estee Lauder with a brand value of $6.3 billion. The brand contributes a large part in the total sale of Estee Lauder. In addition to this the global makeup market is also growing over the years from 3.8% in 2013 to 4% in 2016 (Statista 2017). To keep pace with this MAC cosmetic is also experiencing a continuous increase that is evident from its increase in brand value. The company has been growing continuously over the year since it has begun its operation with new makeup range for all age group and sexes and through its social service through VIVA GLAM campaign. This growth initiative is totally by the efforts put up by the customers, make up professionals and the companys self effort (MAC Cosmetics 2017). Insight into strategic management of MAC cosmetics The strategic management design of the brand helps to see the overall initiative taken by the company to help it grow over the years and evaluate their revenue generation (Chernev 2014). Product market investment strategy Products are the most crucialsuccess factor of any brand. It is through the range of products that the company offers to its customers that it can fight competition. MAC too has a wide range of the cosmetics for satisfying every need of the customers. MAC offers 300+ products to its customer that is excellent in its look and finish (MAC Pro 2017). Artists develop products. The products offered by the company are best to the style of every customer as it is in wide varieties and colours. The products build by the MAC follows the policy of individuality that is serving all age group and all sexes. It follows a mission from the day it introduced that is All Ages, All races, all sexes. This makes the entity cover a wide market cover and large customer base without much segmentation. The products varieties that the company produces are makeup, primer and skincare, brush set, fragrance and gift cards. All these products are available in all types and colour suiting the skin needs of every user. Company value proposition Quality is another important factor for the company to survive in this fast growing cosmetic industry (Osterwalder et. al. 2014). Thus, MAC is always focused at offering high quality products to its customers developed by renowned artists and professionals using best of items. The products of MAC are animal tested and are mostly oil free and made up of natural elements. This makes it free from all kinds of harmful materials. The company also follow eco friendly product development (MAC Cosmetics 2017). This type of product development adds to the value of the brand. These products are offered by the brand through various selling points such as brand owned outlets, online selling through their official website and through franchisee sources. This helps the brand to spread its products for selling at all sources. Further, the brand also takes up innovative strategy to stand out of other cosmetic entities such as it offers 50 new products every year suiting all skin pigmentation. It also runs a social work program which is unique than other non-drug product selling companies. It also started offering free makeup demo in company owned stores with prior appointments. The bridal session and demo sessions make the brand stick out of others. However, the brand targets the niche market segment creating products for all age group. Key assets and the competency The brand owns many assets in the form of its customer, their products, the makeup artists and professionals and the celebrities that market for the brand that adds to its brand equity (Christodoulides, Cadogan, and Veloutsou 2015). The assets of the company are its tool to continuities growth and presence in the market. Further the brand also hold competency over other brands with some of its unique holdings (West, Ford, and Ibrahim 2015). The oil free and all skin pigmentation type products offered are highly different from other market rulers. Moreover, the social work program the brand runs is not done by any cosmetics brand. This helps the people motivated to buy the product for a cause. It also holds competency through the type of promotional strategy its follows such as word-for mouth, social campaign through VIVA GLAM, in store selling and the free make up session given by the artists. This shows that the company also holds strong skills in attaching with its customers and kn ows the right value they play for the brand. Functional Strategies and Programs Brand building is the critical factor for the company as it is through that brand name it is known to its customers. Thus, it is important that it show up as a most valuable brand when it comes to cosmetics. To do this the company follows various kinds ofmarketing communication strategy such as in store makeup sessions, online review facility(MAC 2017). This helps the brand to communicate with the customers and their needs. Accordingly, the brand can modify their products and services to suit the need of every one. The stores of the brand are made available to many international countries such as Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa. The brand also has their online sites available for these locations. This makes the company distribute their products through both online and physical stores. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the brand has been successful in its operations because of the strategies it has followed. The personal touch to its promotional strategy and the sources of selling worldwide has helped the company gain lot f recognition for its brand. This has helped the company to grow over the years and making a place in the top 20 cosmetics brand of the world. References Chernev, A., 2014. Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. Christodoulides, G., Cadogan, J.W. and Veloutsou, C., 2015. Consumer-based brand equity measurement: lessons learned from an international study.International Marketing Review,32(3/4), pp.307-328. Kim, G. and Kim, G. (2017).L'Oreal Paris Ranked World's Most Valuable Beauty Brand. [online] Fashionista. Available at: https://fashionista.com/2016/05/most-valuable-cosmetics-brand [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. MAC Cosmetics - Official Site. (2017).Our Story. [online] Available at: https://www.maccosmetics.com/our-story [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. MAC Pro. (2017).Product information. [online] Available at: https://www.maccosmetics.com/macpro/cms/functional/customerservice_product.tmpl[Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. MAC. (2017).Makeup services. [online] Available at: https://www.maccosmetics.com/book-appointment-landing[Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G. and Smith, A., 2014.Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Sinclair, R. and Keller, K.L., 2017. Brand value, accounting standards, and mergers and acquisitions:The Moribund Effect.Journal of Brand Management,24(2), pp.178-192. Statista. (2017).Annual growth of the global cosmetics market from 2004 to 2016* [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/297070/growth-rate-of-the-global-cosmetics-market/ [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. West, D.C., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Women Empowerment Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction Women engagement and leading function in administration is imperative to good administration to guarantee ( I ) demographic representation and engagement of communities in legislative and policy devising procedures ; ( two ) representative articulation of demands towards human development ; and ( three ) part [ movie ] to authorities effectivity and answerability. Although there has been an betterment and acknowledgment of the importance and function of adult females in administration in recent times. their function and engagement has been limited by unequal capacity. failure to acknowledge adult females accomplishments and competences by most administration constructions and marginalising institutional and cultural patterns. Irrespective of the constitutional commissariats. adult females still see a hostile administration environment that hinders their effectual engagement and leading function. South African Context Since 1994. the South African authorities has introduced policies. programmes and establishments to guarantee adult females engagement. emancipation and created chances for adult females development. For illustration. ( I ) gender equality is a cardinal dogma under the Bill of Rights of The Constitution of South Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Empowerment Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and the state has adopted sophisticated rights-based statute law with expressed mention to gender equality ; ( two ) the South African authorities is a signer to regional and international instruments that promote gender equality ; ( three ) gender considerations are integrated into authorities policies and programmes ; ( four ) In 2005 South Africa was the eleventh state to establish the 50/50 run ; ( V ) the Women Empowerment Unit was established to place factors that hinders adult females full engagement in the legislative devising procedures ; ( six ) Commission on Gender Equality was established ; ( seven ) municipality Structure Act ( 1998. 11 ( 3 ) stipulate equal gender representation ; the National Gender Machinery has been institutionalized ; and ( eight ) the Ministry for Women. Children and Persons with Disabilities is a cardinal co-coordinating point for the promotion and protection of the rights of adult females. kids and individuals with disablements. Some of the cardinal accomplishments towards adult females administration engagement and leading function to day of the month include: †¢ The representation of adult females in parliament has increased from 25 % in 1994 to 44 % after April 2009 elections ; †¢ The figure of adult females Ministers and Deputy Ministers increased from 18 % in 1994 to 40 % in the 2009 election ; †¢ Women constitute 42 % in Provincial legislative assemblies and 40 % of all elected councilors at the Local Government Level ; †¢ 30 % of adult females in the National Council of Provinces are adult females ; †¢ Five of the nine states are led by adult females Premiers. †¢ three of the country’s six metropolitan metropoliss are led by adult females Mayors ; and †¢ South Africa is rated 3rd globally in adult females representation in Parliament after Rwanda and Sweden. The Strategy/Approach: The overall aim of the programme is aimed at bettering adult females engagement and leading function through capacity development within political parties and other political formations. i. e adult females Parliamentarians and councilors. The push of the programme attack is: †¢ Local ownership of the programme at provincial degree to guarantee sustainability ; †¢ Monitoring mechanisms to guarantee relevancy and impact. and spread out on the current cognition base on adult females engagement and leading function ; †¢ Multistakeholder attack to guarantee wide engagement and support ; †¢ Non-partisan attack to diversify input to enrich the programme ; and †¢ United Nations interagency coaction to broaden competences and expertness and cognition base. Envisaged Results †¢ Improved adult females engagement and function within administration establishments ; †¢ Increased figure of adult females Parliamentarians and councilors within administration constructions ; †¢ Effective administration establishments ; †¢ Improved administration public presentation ; †¢ Increased attainment of the Constitutional commissariats. in peculiar the gender equality ; †¢ Increased consciousness on the importance of adult females engagement and leading within administration constructions ; A ; †¢ Progressive alteration of mentality about adult females engagement and leading function within administration establishments ; Beneficiaries The donees of the Training programme include: Womans Parliamentarians and councilors ; South African administration establishments ; Political parties ; Civil society administrations ; Labour administrations ; and South African statute law establishments. Advancement to day of the month The first stage of the preparation programme was conducted by Gender Links. a Southern African NGO based in Johannesburg. Women from nine states participated in the preparation. [ movie ] Gender Links has a repute for carry oning high quality research which it uses to inform policy and schemes. speedy action and first-class bringing. These are underpinned by a strong institutional construction that includes a high profile but hands on board ; experienced staff and direction squad ; sound fiscal direction and answerability and a strong monitoring and rating unit. GL is an commissioned preparation establishment with the Education. Training. Development. Practices Sector Education Training Authority ( ETDP SETA ) . Faculty 1: Gender Awareness The aims of this faculty were to: equip participants with cardinal gender constructs for application in their work and to familiarize participants with cardinal national. regional and international committednesss for accomplishing gender equality. The Outcomes of the preparation programme include: †¢ Women in determination devising empowered to incorporate gender into all their programmes. †¢ Enhanced women’s assurance and ability to utilize their power for more effectual service bringing. †¢ Womans from political parties who attended the preparation included gender and women’s representation on their party’s docket. Faculty 2: Gender and Media Literacy The aim of this faculty were to: Understand the construct of media literacy ; Understand the proviso of SADC protocol on Gender and Development and use them to their different context ; Understand the gendered dimension of administration ; Gain accomplishment to keep media and leaders accountable ; Figure out how to construct gender into runs ; and Develop their IT for protagonism. The results of the preparation programme include: †¢ 128 adult females participated in online confab on the cyber duologues. †¢ 128 adult females empowered on the use of cyberspace to make research and with accomplishments to critically prosecute with the media †¢ Increased consciousness on the commissariats of the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development. †¢ Enhanced ICT literacy accomplishments †¢ Enhanced apprehension of the impact of the media literacy class Second stage: Phase two will concentrate on gender mainstreaming within policy preparation processes. programme development and monitoring and impact appraisal.

buy custom International Job Research Paper essay

buy custom International Job Research Paper essay Citizens of the developed countries seek opportunities in the foreign countries due to the rising unemployment rate in their home countries. Areas that require expertise in the foreign countries provide opportunities for foreign citizens. Moving to work abroad requires adequate preparation to ensure that the international experience is smooth. The current paper seeks to explain the steps that I will take to learn, prepare for and begin my international experience. There exist a great number of employment opportunities in Thailand. Therefore, I would choose to teach English in Thailand. It is so because Thailand adopted teaching English as the second language in secondary schools and universities (Delgado Boncheva, 2012). English is used as a business language in Thailand; hence, there is a need for teaching students to prepare them in early stages. This provides an opportunity for foreign teachers. Teaching English in Thailand will be a great experience for me. Thais are friendly, and the country is safe. I will consider full time employment in Thailand. Thailand uses Thai baht as its currency. Thai baht is in denominations of one, two, five and ten as coins, and notes from denominations of twenty and above. There are several banks that have exchange bureaus where travelers' checks can be exchanged. There are many automated teller machines around the country. Major credit cards such as visa and master card are acceptable in many outlets. This makes transactions to and from home easier. When moving to Thailand I will be required to obtain a visa from the embassy of Thailand in the United States. My stay in Thailand will last for more than a year, so there are several important vaccines that I need to take before departure. These vaccines include Hepatitis A, which is administered two weeks before travelling and Typhoid vaccine that is administered orally and which is taken at intervals. Japanese encephalitis vaccine is importat because most of the activities to be undertaken will take place outdoor. Hepatitis B vaccine should also be given to those travelers who have not received it recently. Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine will also be important for travelers who have not received it in the last ten years. Travelers that were born after 1956 should get the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. It cannot be administered if blood tests confirm immunity. Also, one should consider getting yellow fever vaccine. There exist potential road blocks to this opportunity. It will be necessary for me to learn the Thai language in a bid to acquire better communication skills. There are various concerns that I have regarding this opportunity. Some information about the visa to Thailand is unclear. It is not clear what kind of visa I should take to avoid border issues. Housing is another big concern in Thailand. Foreigners pay double the price paid by natives. I should also take various tests in English as a foreign language to qualify for this opportunity. The teaching profession is not well-paid in Thailand, considering that English is used as the second language. Thailand has an American embassy; making it possible for United States citizen to be well represented in Thailand. The American embassy is located in the Bangkok city. It is the third largest American embassy in the world. It has various functions to aid the American citizens and advancing United States interest in Thailand and neighboring countries in South-East Asia. The United States of America also has its presence in a consular office located in ChingMai. This consular office serves American citizens in a section referred to as American citizen service that is charged with a task of helping expatriates and issuance of emergency visas to citizens in Thailand and neighboring South-East Asian countries. The basic language in Thailand is the Thai language. Thailand is a stronghold for Buddhism. A Large number of people in Thailand are Buddhist (Willliams Ladwig, 2012). Wai is the formal way of greeting. A person will raise his/her hands with the palms held together, then touch the head and in between the chest and bow his/her head. Young people are the first to give the Wai. It can be done while standing or seated. An elder then receives the wai by bowing their heads. Respect is shown by how low the head is bowed. Young people should bow when giving wai to elders who are seated. Thais have strong family ties compared to western countries. Learning how to communicate in Thai will be crucial in this experience. It will be useful when communicating with locals who have no knowledge of English. Thailand is a land with a deep heritage and it observes Buddhist religions and culture. In a bid to relate well with these cultures, I have to understand them better (Williams Ladwig, 2012). The learning process should be slow and effective. Thais have different etiquettes in their daily activities. Dining etiquette is very important to understand. I should observe time, though being late for a few minutes is not considered to be bad. On table manners, Thais use a fork and a spoon as their main utensils. Spoons and forks are not used only when eating noodles; they use chopsticks. It is advisable to remove your shoes if your host is barefoot (Ting-Toomey, 2012). When served with food, you should leave a little on the plate to show that you are full. However, for rice, which they consider as their daily bread, leaving it on the plate is viewed as wasteful. One is prohibited from licking fingers after meals as it is considered as bad manners. To earn respect from Thais, one has to show a lot of respect to them. It is a long process, but it is a worthwhile experience. Thais judge people on their dressing. Thus, it is very important to ensure that every time I am in well-polished shoes. Conservative attire is highly encouraged; men should wear dark colored suits. There exist some resources that help people to pursue their experience in Thailand. Buy custom International Job Research Paper essay

Identifying and Managing Project Risk Assignment

Identifying and Managing Project Risk - Assignment Example This is implemented using a project plan. The project I was tasked to manage was to create a stock management system for a proprietor who sells computers and other accessories. The appreciation of risk management assists in getting the knowledge of the occurrence and probabilities of certain risks, planning for them and mitigation techniques to counter them. Risk management takes the step towards managing risks through selection, implementation, and control measures. This creates assurance and confidence in the project team in the event of any uncertain events occurring. Risk management has enabled the creation of control measures in the project that was being created for the proprietor. Knowledge of risk enabled the creation of proper feedback mechanisms for the user of the system such that any problems encountered are directly communicated to the project team through the provided means. The project implementation encountered several surprise events that I will mention. This being an I.T system being built on an I.T environment, the users of the system is always bound to change requirements or the scope of the project. In this case, the proprietor had asked for a system that manages the data he uses, later he noticed that he needs some analytical tools that he did not mention. That had to be accommodated by the project team in the allocated time for a change in requirements. As we discussed the project requirements, there were no provisions for the security of the system by the user, which the project team identified. This prompted consultations with the proprietor about the importance of a secure system and this was handled effectively. This actually enhanced the user and developer communication for the effectiveness of the system.  

Organizational behavior Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational behavior Analysis - Essay Example What made our group more successful in carrying out the project was how each member discussed and listened to everyone’s opinions. For instance, during the choice of places where an interview was to be carried out, all members would lay down their suggestions. Everyone would emphasize why his or her ideas were appropriate while others would oppose, but we would all come into consensus after considering the views of the majority. Despite the achievement of the group all group members would have practiced more commitments in the meetings. If all the members would have attend the meetings held in the school library, there would be a great team impact on the project. For instance, there would be huge contributions to the ideas fostering good progress on the project. There are other weaknesses that I observed in our group which I have reasons to believe would make the group more effective if they were observed and tackled. The weaknesses were relative to a number of concepts. The first one was motivation. Motivation is an act of giving a person a reason to do something in a particular way. According to my observations for the group, the members did not have enough motivation especially when it came to attending meetings. There were those who failed to attend some of the meetings held in the school library. The second concept was emotions. This is any strong feeling of anger, love, hate, joy, or fear (Fugate and Kinicki 81). Some of the members would sometimes get into a negative emotion such as hate, fear and anger. This usually happened during debates on issues involving group activities. For instance, it happened that any issue or idea would be placed at a platform were a number of the members would either oppose or propose. In most cases, those opposing an issue would lose to the proposing side. This would bring

Metaphysical Poets Essay Example for Free

Metaphysical Poets Essay The term metaphysical poets was coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other (Wikipedia). Their work is a blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or â€Å"wit†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, by the sometimes violent yoking together of apparently unconnected ideas and things so that the reader is startled out of his complacency and forced to think through the argument of the poem. Metaphysical poetry is less concerned with expressing feeling than with analyzing it, with the poet exploring the recesses of his consciousness. The boldness of the literary devices used—especially obliquity, irony, and paradox—is often reinforced by a dramatic directness of language and by rhythms derived from that of living speech. Esteem for Metaphysical poetry never stood higher than in the 1930s and ’40s, largely because of T.S. Eliot’s influential essay â€Å"The Metaphysical Poets† (1921), a review of Herbert J.C. Grierson’s anthology Metaphysical Lyrics Poems of the Seventeenth Century. In this essay Eliot argued that the works of these men embody a fusion of thought and feeling that later poets were unable to achieve because of a â€Å"dissociation of sensibility,† which resulted in works that were either intellectual or emotional but not both at once. In their own time, however, the epithet â€Å"metaphysical† was used pejoratively: in 1630 the Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden objected to those of his contemporaries who attempted to â€Å"abstrac t poetry to metaphysical ideas and scholastic quiddities.† At the end of the century, John Dryden censured Donne for affecting â€Å"the metaphysics† and for perplexing â€Å"the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy when he should engage their hearts . . . with the softnesses of love.† Samuel Johnson, in referring to the learning that their poetry displays, also dubbed them â€Å"the metaphysical poets,† and the term has continued in use ever since. Eliot’s adoption of the label as a term of praise is arguably a better guide to his personal aspirations about his own poetry than to the Metaphysical poets themselves; his use of metaphysical underestimates these poets’ debt to lyrical and socially engaged verse. Nonetheless, the term is useful for identifying the often-intellectual character of their writing (Encyclopedia Britannica). Without doubt Samuel Johnsons choice of the word metaphysical to describe the followers of Donne was directly influenced by these earlier usages (the Clevel and passage is quoted in Johnsons Dictionary of 1755 to illustrate the definition of ‘Metaphysicks’). The category of poetry that indulged in metaphysics was a live one for later seventeenth-century poets, but for them metaphysics was a word used to mark the point at which strongly argued verse bordered on self-parody. There is more value than this, however, in the group name. Even in the earlier seventeenth century members of the core group of metaphysical poets were connected by a number of social, familial, and literary ties. Izaak Walton relates that Donne and George Herbert enjoyed ‘a long and dear friendship, made up by such a Sympathy of inclinations, that they coveted and joyed to be in each others Company’ (Walton, 57–8). Donne addressed poems to Herberts mother, Magdalen, and preached her funeral sermon, as well as writing a poem to Herberts brother, Edward, Lord Herbert. Herbert of Cherbury in turn read both Donnes poetry and that of his own brother with care, and was a friend of Thomas Carew and Aurelian Townshend. Henry Wotton was the addressee of epi stles in both verse and prose from his close friend John Donne, and at one point intended to write a life of Donne. Henry King (whose father ordained John Donne) was in daily contact with Donne at St Pauls Cathedral, where the older poet was dean while King was chief residentiary. Donne bequeathed to King a portrait of himself dressed in his winding-sheet. Not surprisingly Kings verse is haunted by that of his friend, from whom he received manuscripts, as well as books and themes for sermons. Later in the century there were other close groupings of poets, who, although not linked by direct personal familiarity with Donne and Herbert, were bound to each other by ties of family, friendship, and literary consanguinity. Thomas Stanley was a cousin of Richard Lovelace and the nephew of William Hammond, and became a friend of John Hall, one of the most underrated of the minor metaphysical poets. Cowley was a friend and eventually elegist of Richard Crashaw. Pockets of metaphysicality also survived in several institutions: it cannot be an accident that Henry King, Abraham Cowley, Thomas Randolph, William Cartwright, and John Dryden all attended Westminster School. But by the later seventeenth century the bonds of friendship and affinity that had linked Donne and Herbert were in the main replaced by looser ties of literary indebtedness. Declaratory utterances to imagined or absent addressees who are summoned into being by the force of the speakers eloquence are common among poems by members of these networks, as are works that explore the balance and imbalance between the demands of the body and the spirit. Direct attempts to persuade, either through comparisons or through arguments that self-consciously display their logical elisions, are also among the most evident legacies left by Donne to his poetical heirs. No single one of these elements constitutes a metaphysical style, and it would also be wrong to suppose that all of them must be present in a given poem for it to be regarded as belonging to the tradition. It is also incorrect to believe that a poet who sometimes wrote poems in a metaphysical manner was always and in every poem a metaphysical. The metaphysical style was various. It also changed in response to historical events. Donnes Poems and Herberts The Temple were both posthumously printed in 1633. Those publications immediately extended the literary communities of their authors through time and space, and the fact that both volumes were posthumous had a significant effect on the kind of influence they exerted. Donne and Herbert rapidly became models for imitation, but they could also be regarded as ideal representatives of an age that had passed. Imitation of them could therefore become an act not just of nostalgia, but of politically or theologically motivated nostalgia—as occurs most notably and heavy-handedly in the high Anglican pastiches of Herbert included in The Synagogue by Christopher Harvey, which was regularly bound with The Temple after 1640. In the political and ecclesiastical upheavals of the 1640s the metaphysical style moved on. Imitating Herbert in particular could signal a desire to resist the depredations suffered by the English church during the civil war. Richard Crashaws Steps to the Temple (1646) explicitly links itself by its title to Herberts volume. The editions of 1646 and 1648 include ‘On Mr. G. Herberts Booke’, which declares ‘Divinest love lyes in this booke’. Henry Vaughans preface to the second volume of Silex scintillans (1655) ascribes to Herberts influence his conversion from writing secular poems, and he marks the debt by adopting the titles of several poems by Herbert for his own works. By the second part of Silex these allusions to Herbert carried a political charge, intimating Vaughans resistant attitude to the forcible ejection of conservatively minded ministers from churches in his native Wales by commissioners acting under the parliamentary ordinance for the propagation of the gospel. The gradual replacement of networks of closely connected individuals by relationships between dead authors and their readers is perhaps a central reason for the emergence of metaphysics (in the pejorative sense) in later seventeenth-century verse. The two later poets stigmatized by Johnson as ‘metaphysical’, Cleveland and Cowley, knew Donne only as a voice in a book. Efforts to reanimate that voice often show signs of strain. But the move from personal to textual connection between members of the group did not always have undesirable consequences. Andrew Marvell, who ever since John Aubreys ‘Brief life’ has tended to be regarded as an isolated figure in the literary landscape, has perhaps the most distinctive poetic voice of any member of the group. By describing pastoral figures with wounded or sullied innocence who argue perplexedly about their own fate and the unattainability of their own desires, Marvell transformed the metaphysical style into an idiom appropriate for a period of political division and national crisis. He was not entirely disconnected from its other practitioners: he was at Trinity College, Cambridge, at the same time as Abraham Cowley, and he wrote a commemorative poem for Henry, Lord Hastings, in Lacrymae musarum (1649), a volume that included poems by Dryden as well as John Hall. He and Hall were both among those who composed dedicatory poems for Richard Lovelaces Lucasta (1648). Like Cleveland, Marvell owed his reputation in the later part of his career largely to his political and satirical poems, but his posthumously published Miscellaneous Poems (1681) shows that a reader of earlier metaphysical verse who actively responded to his changing times could transform the idiom of his predecessors (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography). Works cited Colin Burrow, ‘Metaphysical poets (act. c.1600–c.1690)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Feb 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/95605, accessed 5 Aug 2012] Encyclopedia Britannica www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377915/Metaphysical-poet Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets

beer :: essays research papers

Imagine that you are sitting on your front porch on a sunny summer afternoon and you ask for a nice cold beer. Then out of the blue your friend rifles a nice big keg of beer at you, which in turn knocks you backward off of the porch. Here’s another image to contemplate. A man tries to force a refrigerator door shut. When he finally thinks he has it shut, the door busts off the hinges and a beer keg rolls out. These two ads for Heineken beer in the new keg cans. These ads end with the catchy phrase the keg can can go where regular kegs cannot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you first see an ad like this many questions come to mind : first, where are they going with a campaign like this; second, why would Heineken make cans in a shape of a keg, and why would an ad like this entice me to drink Heineken? To most people this add stirs the mind to wonder why Heineken would make keg cans and these amusing commercials to promote them. The commercials carry the humor for the pure fact to catch the attention of the viewer and make them wonder, â€Å"What if a beer out of a keg can tastes like beer out of a keg?† This is one of the fifteen appeals of advertising, the need to satisfy curiosity. Since this is a new type of container for beer its is an unknown commodity to the viewer. Heineken is also an imported beer which is not consumed by most average Americans, which also adds to the curiosity of the ad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another of these appeals which the ad goes to is the need for prominence. Since Heineken is an expensive imported beer. The manufacturers of Heineken most likely think an ad which shows people drinking or around Heineken shows that they hold a higher social stature. Companies make you think if you spend the money you will have the fame and fun. Also these commercials have another of the appeals. The need for affiliation. Now this may not jump out in the ad. It just seems as if it is an idea used by the company very discreetly. Heineken seems to say that if you buy the keg cans you wont be one of the people who try to take kegs with them everywhere. You will be one of the people who have the portable kegs , the ones in a can , and fit in with the â€Å"Heineken† crowd.

Math Self-efficacy

Math Self-efficacy 1 Running head: SELF-EFFICACY AND STANDARDIZED TEST PERFORMANCE Accepted for publication in the Journal of Educational Psychology. This version may slightly differ from the published version. Does Math Self-efficacy Mediate the Effect of the Perceived Classroom Environment on Standardized Math Test Performance? Lisa A. Fast University of California, Riverside James Lewis University of California, Riverside Michael J. Bryant California Institute of the Arts Kathleen A. Bocian University of California, Riverside Richard A.Cardullo University of California, Riverside Michael Rettig University of California, Riverside Kimberly A. Hammond University of California, Riverside Math Self-efficacy 2 Abstract We examined the effect of the perceived classroom environment on math self-efficacy and the effect of math self-efficacy on standardized math test performance. Upper elementary school students (n = 1163) provided self-reports of their perceived math selfefficacy and the degree to which their math classroom environment was masteryoriented, challenging, and caring. Individual student scores on the California Standards Test for Mathematics were also collected.A series of two-level models revealed that students who perceived their classroom environments as more caring, challenging, and mastery-oriented had significantly higher levels of math efficacy, and higher levels of math efficacy positively predicted math performance. Analysis of the indirect effects of classroom variables on math performance indicated a small significant mediating effect of self-efficacy. Implications for research on self-efficacy and the perceived classroom environment are discussed. Math Self-efficacy 3 Does Math Self-efficacy Mediate the Effect of the Perceived Classroom Environment on Standardized Math Test Performance?In the current high-stakes testing environment, any attribute of a student that positively influences achievement is of interest. The degree to which a studen t believes that he/she is capable of performing specific tasks, referred to as self-efficacy, is particularly relevant given that self-efficacy has been argued to have powerful effects on achievement behavior (Bandura, 1986). Those with higher self-efficacy are proposed to have higher aspirations, stronger commitments to their goals, and recover more quickly from setbacks than those lower in self-efficacy. Beliefs in one’s efficacy can vary across academic subjects (e. . reading vs. writing) and self-efficacy for mathematics has received close attention. Students with higher math self-efficacy persist longer on difficult math problems and are more accurate in math computations than those lower in math self-efficacy (Collins, 1982; Hoffman & Schraw, 2009). Math self-efficacy is also a stronger predictor of math performance than either math anxiety or previous math experience (Pajares & Miller, 1994; Pajares & Miller, 1995, respectively) and influences math performance as stron gly as overall mental ability (Pajares & Kranzler, 1995).The demonstrated importance of self-efficacy in academic achievement has provoked widespread interest in specific factors that affect a student’s self-efficacy beliefs. Bandura’s (1997) social-cognitive theory proposed that self-efficacy is most strongly affected by one’s previous performance and research largely supports this (Chen & Zimmerman, 2007). His theory also suggests that self-efficacy is affected by observing others (e. g. watching peers succeed at a task), verbal persuasion (e. g. encouragement from parents and teachers), and interpretation of physiological states (e. g.Math Self-efficacy 4 lack of anxiety may be a signal that one possesses skills). Although several studies indicate that manipulating features of learning environments along these theoretical premises has immediate and detectable effects on self-efficacy (Schunk, 1982, 1983, 1984; Schunk & Hanson, 1985), it seems possible that st udents’ perceptions of their learning environments also affect their efficacy beliefs. Ames (1992) argued that learning environments may not provide a common experience for all students and that students’ subjective interpretations of their environment determine how they respond to it.For example, a teacher might be described by an objective observer as helpful, but if a student perceives him/her as unhelpful, then the perception of unhelpfulness will guide the students’ behavior more than the teachers’ actual helpfulness. Focusing on perceptions of the classroom environment is consistent with Bandura’s (1997) theory, which suggests that self-efficacy is influenced by how an individual interprets relevant information. For example, a student might interpret a perceived unhelpful teacher as evidence that he/she lacks ability.In the current study, we focus on three aspects of the perceived classroom environment that affect self-efficacy: Mastery-orien tation, Challenge, and Caring. The degree to which students perceive their classroom environment as one that encourages mastery versus performance goals has been prominently studied (Ames, 1992; Dweck, 1986; Maehr & Nicholls, 1980, respectively). Classrooms structured around mastery goals emphasize effort and the intrinsic value of learning; students who adopt mastery goals are more likely to believe that effort leads to success (Weiner, 1979) and display positive attitudes towards learning (Ames & Archer, 1988).In contrast, classrooms structured around performance goals emphasize ability and competition Math Self-efficacy 5 between peers; students who adopt performance goals are more likely to use shallow learning strategies (Meece et al. , 1988) and avoid challenging tasks (Dweck, 1986). Although both of these classroom goal structures theoretically influence the achievement goals that students adopt, only mastery goal structures are consistently related to selfefficacy.Several st udies have found that students who perceive their classroom environment as more mastery oriented have higher academic self-efficacy (Dorman, 2001; Friedel et al. , 2007; Middleton & Midgley, 1997), whereas performance oriented classrooms have been found to be unrelated, positively related, and negatively related to self-efficacy (Friedel et al. , 2007; Wolters et al. , 1996; Schunk, 1996, respectively). Studies using path analysis have also found that self-efficacy mediates the influence of mastery-oriented classrooms on performance (Bong, 2008; Greene, Miller, Crowson, Duke, & Akey, 2004).In particular, Wolters (2004) found that mastery goal structure had a significant positive effect on students’ math grades, but when math self-efficacy was included in the model, the effect of mastery structure on course grades became nonsignificant. The degree to which a classroom environment is perceived as challenging also influences self-efficacy. A challenging environment is one in whi ch students are provided with progressively difficult tasks as their proficiency increases. Vygotsky (1978) argued that challenge is essential for intellectual development and Grolnick et al. 2002) proposed that individuals are born with a need to test their abilities and master their environment. Accordingly, evidence indicates that students enjoy learning when tasks are challenging (Zahorik, 1996). Although challenge has been most prominently discussed as an important facilitator of intrinsic motivation (e. g. Malone & Lepper, Math Self-efficacy 6 1987), some researchers suggest that it also leads to stronger beliefs in one’s academic abilities (Meyer, Turner, & Spencer, 1997; Stipek, 2001).Participating in challenging activities allows students to notice their incremental improvement in a subject, which increases feelings of self-competence. In support of this, Gentry and Owen (2004) reported that middle and high school students who perceived their classroom as challenging were more likely to have higher academic self-efficacy. Similarly, Meyer, Turner, & Spencer (1997) found that fifth and sixth-grade students who were characterized as â€Å"challenge-seekers† had higher math self-efficacy, while students who were characterized as â€Å"challenge-avoiders’ had lower math self-efficacy.Finally, the degree to which students perceive their classroom as a caring environment also has an important influence on self-efficacy. In a caring classroom (also referred to as Teacher Involvement: Newman, 2002; Personalization: Frasier & Fisher, 1982), the teacher expresses personal interest in students, provides emotional support, and generally creates a comfortable atmosphere. Murdock and Miller (2003) suggest that students who perceive their teachers as caring are more likely to view themselves as academically capable and set higher educational goals for themselves.Positive relationships between students and teachers provide a critical development al resource for children; students are more likely to seek help when they need it and develop a wide range of competencies when they feel emotionally supported by their teachers (Crosnoe, Johnson, & Elder, 2004; Pianta, Hamre, & Stuhlman, 2003). Accordingly, evidence suggests that students who perceive their teachers as more caring have significantly higher academic self-efficacy (Murdock & Miller, 200; Patrick et al. , 2007). Pianta et al. (2008) also found that fifth-grade students had higher performance on math tests whenMath Self-efficacy 7 their classrooms were rated higher in emotional support. In addition, the effect of emotional support on math achievement was larger than the effect of quantity of math instruction. The authors noted that, â€Å"this is especially interesting because math is perhaps not a subject where teacher-student relations are as much a focus,† (Pianta et al. , 2008, p. 389). In summary, math self-efficacy appears to play an important role in math achievement and mediates the influence of mastery-oriented classroom environments on math achievement.Global academic self-efficacy also seems to be positively affected by caring and challenging classroom environments. However, several issues remain unclear. Little is known either about the influence of caring and challenging classroom environments specifically on math self-efficacy or whether math self-efficacy mediates the influence of challenging and caring classroom environments on math achievement. Further, virtually nothing is known about the relationships between math self-efficacy, perceived classroom environment, and achievement in the context of standardized math test performance.These are important gaps in the literature in light of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2002 that requires all students to take standardized math tests annually in grades 3 through 8 and once during high school. Scores on these tests are increasingly being used for â€Å"high-stakes† purposes that affect both students and teachers. According to the National Center for Fair and Open Testing (2007), standardized test scores of fourth, fifth, and sixth graders can be used for the following purposes in California: to place students into instructional groups (e. . remedial or special education programs), determine school eligibility for federal funding, make decisions about whether principals, Math Self-efficacy 8 teachers, and staff are offered continued employment, and determine whether or not teachers get bonuses. Several researchers have argued that the implementation of NCLB has led to a focus on testing and evaluation that permeates the school environment (Meece, Anderman, & Anderman, 2006; Ryan et al. , 2007). It is important to examine how student motivation (e. g. elf-efficacy) and classroom environments are related to one another in this legislated performance-oriented environment. In the current study, we predicted that math self-efficacy mediates the inf luence the perceived of classroom environment on standardized math test performance (Figure 1). Specifically, we predict that students’ perceptions of the degree to which their classroom environment is mastery-oriented, challenging, and caring has a direct and positive influence on math self-efficacy, and math self-efficacy has a direct and positive effect on student performance on standardized math tests.Each of these three aspects of the classroom environment will positively affect self-efficacy for the following reasons. Mastery-orientation will have a positive influence on math self-efficacy because environments that encourage students to take pride in their effort and value learning for its own sake, rather than simply emphasize the importance of good grades, will allow students to feel more confident in their ability.Challenge will also be associated with higher math self-efficacy because being afforded the opportunity to progressively master tasks that are slightly bey ond one’s current capacity allows a student to observe his/her own progress and gradually increase beliefs in his/her ability. Finally, caring will have a positive influence on math self-efficacy because Bandura (1993) argued that affective processes affect self-efficacy. In particular, environments that arouse anxiety and other negative emotions have a negative affect on efficacy beliefs (Usher, 2009).We Math Self-efficacy 9 hypothesize that environments in which teachers take a personal interest in and emotionally support students are less likely to arouse negative emotions than environments in which teachers are impersonal and emotionally disconnected, and therefore caring environments will positively affect self-efficacy. Methods Participants The 1,163 participants in our study were fourth, fifth, and sixth graders who attended elementary school in an inland southern California suburban school district during the 2005-06 and 2006-07 academic years.The schools were located in low to middle income neighborhoods, with 59% (n = 682) of our participants receiving free and/or reduced lunch. Participants came from 88 separate classrooms. The mean cluster size was 13. 22 (SD = 5. 95) and ranged from 2 to 25 students per classroom. The majority of our sample consisted of Latino/a (62%) and Caucasian (31%) students and other ethnic groups included African American (4%), Asian (1%), Pacific Islander (

Mandatory Legal Drinking Age Should Be Banned - 982 Words

Do you know of anyone who has had an alcohol related death. There are so many deaths in the U.S alone that have been caused by alcohol. Alcohol is a go to drink now a days. Alcohol has been traced back to around 12,000 years. The MLDA didn’t always used to be set at 21. In the late 60s states began to lower their MLDA, although this resulted in many deaths alcohol related. President Reagan signed off a law saying that the MLDA (Minimum legal drinking age) must be at 21. This was proven to be safer and reduced number of alcohol related deaths. There are many debates that argue whether or not we should lower our MLDA in the US. The MLDA should stay at 21. There are many reasons supporting this such as, lowering the MLDA would increase our alcohol related fatalities. Lowering the MLDA is also medically irresponsible. Consuming alcohol can do damage to stomach liver brain and much more. We should keep out MLDA at 21 because it is safer for our population. 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